| ad loc. | At that place. |
| Adreth | R. Solomon b. Adreth (or Rashba; 1235-1310). |
| A.J.P. | American Jewish Publications. |
| A.J.V. | American Jewish Version. |
| Alfasi | R. Isaac b. Jacob Alfasi (1013-1103). |
| Ant. | Antiquities, by Flavius Josephus. |
| Ar. Comp. | Aruch completum, ed. A. Kohut. |
| A.R.N. | Aboth Rabbi Nathan. |
| 'Aruch or 'Aruk | Talmudic Dictionary by R. Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome (1106). |
| Asheri | R. Asher b. Jehiel (1250-1327) |
| A.T. | Die Agada der Tannaiten, by W. Bacher. |
| A.V. | Authorized Version. |
| b. | ben, bar, son of. |
| Ba.H. | Bayith Hadash, Glosses by R. Joel b. Samuel Sirkes (1561-1640). |
| B.C.E. | Before the Christian Era. |
| B.D.B. | English and Hebrew Lexicon, by Brown, Driver and Briggs. |
| c. | About. |
| C.C. | Columbia College Manuscripts. |
| C.E. | Common Era. |
| cf. | Compare, refer to. |
| Chajes Z.H. | Notes by Chajes, Zebi Hirsch b. Meir (1805-1855) in the Wilna Roman edition of the Talmud. |
| C.P.B. | Companion to the Authorized Daily Prayer Book, by I. Abrahams. |
| Cur. ed(d) | Current edition(s). |
| Derenbourg | Derenbourg J., Essai sur l'Histoire et la Geographie de la Palestine. |
| Der gal. 'Amh. | Der galildische 'Am-ha-arez, by A. Buchler. |
| D.E.Z. | Derek Ere; Zutra. |
| Dor | Dor Dor Wedoreshaw by I. H. Weiss. |
| Doroth | Doroth Harishonim by 1. Halevy. |
| D.S. | Dikduke Soferim by R. Rabbinowicz. |
| e.g. | For example. |
| E.J. | Encyclopaedia Judaica. |
| Ekah Rab. | Midrash Ekah Rabbah. |
| Et. St. | Etymologische Studien, Joseph Perles (1835-1894). |
| E.T. | English Translation. |
| E.V. | English Versions of the Bible. |
| f. | Following verse or chapter (plural ff.). |
| [G] | This symbol is used in place of a Greek phrase, word, or letter in the original Soncino text. Readers to whom the original Greek is important should consider purchasing a printed copy of the Babylonian Talmud from Soncino Press. |
| Gen. R. | Genesis Rabbah. |
| Geogr. | Geographie, by A. Neubauer. |
| Gersh. | R. Gershom, the Light of the Exile, (960-1040). |
| Geschichte | Graetz H., Geschichte der Juden (4th ed.). |
| G.K., Ges.K. | Gesenius-Kautzsch, Hebrew Grammar. |
| Glos. | Glossary. |
| Golds. | Translation of the Babylonian Talmud in German by L. Goldschmidt. |
| Graetz. | Graetz, H., Geschichte der Juden (4th ed.). |
| G.V. | Gottesdienstliche Vortrage, by L. Zunz. |
| [H] | This symbol is used in place of a Hebrew (or Aramaic) letter, word, or phrase in the original Soncino text. Readers to whom the original Hebrew is important should consider purchasing a printed copy of the Babylonian Talmud from Soncino Press. |
| Han. | R. Hananel b. Hushiel of Kairwan (about 990-1050). |
| HAN. | v. Han. |
| Hananel. | v. Han. |
| Heb. | Hebrew. |
| Hildesheimer | Hildesheimer, H., Beitrdge zur Geographie Palastinas. |
| Hiph. | Hiph'il. |
| H.M. | Hoshen ha-Mishpat. |
| H.U.C.A. | Hebrew Union College Journal (Annual). |
| i.e. | That is. |
| J., Jer. | Jerusalem (Jerushalmi). |
| Jast. | M. Jastrow's Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature. |
| J.E. | Jewish Encyclopaedia. |
| J.Q.R. | Jewish Quarterly Review. |
| J.T. | Jerusalem Talmud. |
| Kes. Mish. | Keseph Mishnah, commentary on Maimonides' Yad, by Joseph Karo. |
| Klausner J, | [H] |
| Koh.Rab. | Midrash Koheleth Rabbah. |
| Levy | J. Levy's Neuhebraisches u. chaldaisches Wdrterbuch uber die Talmudim u. Midrashim. |
| lit. | Literally. |
| loc. cit. | Loco citato; In the place cited. |
| Lowe's M.S. | Text of Aboth in the MS. of the Mishnah edited by W. H. Lowe and reprinted by Taylor in his Sayings of the Jewish Fathers. |
| LXX. | Septuagint (see Authorities Consulted 0r Quoted). |
| Ma'aseh Rab. | Glosses by R. Bezalel Ranschburg (19th cent.) included in recent printed edd. of Horayoth. |
| Maharam | Meir b. Gedaliah Lublin (d. 1616). |
| Maharsha | R. Samuel Eliezer Halevi Edels (1555-1631). |
| Maim. | Moses Maimonides (1135-1204). |
| Malbim | Commentary on the Bible by M. L. Malbim (1809-1879). |
| Me'iri | Commentary on Yebamoth by Menahem b. Solomon Me'iri (1249-1306). |
| Mek. | Mekilta. |
| M.G.W.J. | Monatschrift fur Geschichte and Wissenschaft des Judentums |
| Mid. Tann. | Midrash Tannaim 0n Deuteronomy, edited by Dr. D. Hoffmann (Berlin 1909). |
| MS. | Manuscript (Plural MSS.). |
| MS.F. | Florence Codex of the Talmud. |
| MS.M. | Munich Codex of the Talmud. |
| M.T. | Massoretic Text of the Bible. |
| M.V. | Mahzor Vitry; an 11th cent. French Prayer Book, edited by S. Hurwitz, Nurnberg, 1923. |
| N.B. | Neue Beitrage zur Geschichte and Geographie Galilaas, S. Klein. |
| Neubauer | Neubauer, J., Beitrdge zur Geschichte des biblisch talmudischen Eheschliessungsrechts. |
| N.H. | Neo Hebrew. |
| N.S.I. | North Semitic Inscription, Cooke. |
| Obermeyer | Obermeyer, J., Die Landschaft Babylonien. |
| Orah. Mishor | Novellae 0n Nazir, Johanan b. Meir Kremnitzer (17th century) |
| P.B. | The Authorized Daily Prayer Book, S. Singer. |
| Pir. R.El. | Pirki di R. Eliezer. |
| P.R.E. | Pirke Rabbi Eliezer. |
| R. | Rab, Rabban, Rabbenu, Rabbi. |
| Rabaad. | Abraham b. David of Posquieres (c. 1125-1198). |
| R. Jonah | R. Jonah (he-Hasid) Gerondi (d. 1263). |
| Ra. N. | Rabbi Nissim b. Reuben of Gerondi (14th century). |
| Ran. | Rabbi Nissim b. Reuben of Gerondi (14th century). |
| Rashal | Notes and glosses on the Talmud by R. Solomon Luria (d. 1573) |
| Rashb., Rashbam. | Rashbam. Commentary of R. Samuel b. Meir (d. about 1174). |
| Rashi. | Commentary of R. Solomon b. Isaac (d. 1105). |
| R.E.J. | Revue des Etudes Juives. |
| Ronsburg | Marginal Glosses by Bezalel Ronsburg (1760-1820) in the Wilna edition of the Talmud. |
| R.V. | Revised Version of the Bible. |
| Sanh. | Sanhedrin. |
| S.B.H. | Salomo ben. Hajathom. |
| Schurer | Geschiche des judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, 4th ed., by E. Schurer. |
| Sem. | Semahoth. |
| Sh.ha-Sh.Rab. | Song of Songs, Midrash Rabbah. |
| Sof. | Soferim. |
| Sonc. Ed. | Soncino Press Editions, London. |
| Soph. | Sopherim. |
| Strashun | Annotations by Samuel Strashun (1794-1872) in the Wilna edition of the Talmud. |
| s.v. | Sub verbum; Under the [word] entry (used for dictionaries, encyclopaediae, and other compendia). |
| T.A. | Talmudische Archdelogie by S. Krauss. |
| Tal. Mun. | Talmudische Munzen and Gewichte, by B. Zuckermann. |
| Talm. Arch. | v. T.A. |
| Talm. Gew. | Talmudische Munzen and Gewichte by B. Zuckermann. |
| Tan. | Midrash Tanhuma. |
| T.J. | Talmud Jerusalemi. |
| Tob. | Commentary on the Mishnah by R. Yom Tob Lipmann Heller (1579-1654) |
| Toledoth | Toledoth Tannaim we Amoraim, by A. Hyman. |
| Tosaf. | Tosafoth. |
| Tosaf. Ri | R. Isaac b. Samuel of Dampierre (Ri the Elder) (d.c. 1200). |
| Tosaf. Yom. | Tosafoth Yom Tov. |
| Tosef. | Tosefta. |
| Trani. | Commentary by R. Isaiah di Trani the Elder (d. about 1250) in the Wilna Romm edition of the Talmud. |
| Tur. | Tur Yoreh Deah, by Jacob (d. before 1340) son of Asher b. Jehiel (Asheei). |
| Tur. Y.D. | See Tur. |
| Wahrmann N. | Untersuchungen uber die Stellung der Frau im fudentum im Zeitalter der Tannaiten. |
| Wilna Gaon. | Notes by Elijah of Wilna (1720-1797) in the recent printed editions of the Talmud. |
| Yad. | Yad Hahazakah, by Moses Maimonides. |
| Yad Ramah. | The Yad Ramah of R. Meir Moses b. Todros ha-Levi Abulafia. |
| Yalk. | Yalkut. |
| Z.A.W. | Zeitschrift fur alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. |
| Z.D.M.G. | Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenldndischen Gesellschaft. |
| Z.D.P.V. | Zeitschrift des deutschen Palaestina-Vereins. |
| Z.M. | Zuckermandel (Tosefta). |
| Zuck. | Zuckermandel's edition of the Tosefta. |